A Compact Trowel-Shaped Antenna for Next-Generation 6G Wireless Communication Systems

This article introduces the design of a trowel-shaped planar antenna (TSPA) with high-performance features. Wideband Impedance bandwidth, high gain, excellent radiation efficiency, and stable radiation patterns are achieved by using a trowel-shaped radiator, a triangular tapered feed line, and a partial ground plane. The antenna exhibits broad impedance bandwidth from 15 GHz to 54 GHz, with an impressive fractional ratio of 113.05% at S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB. The proposed antenna has compact electrical dimensions of 1.05λ₀ × 0.775λ₀ × 0.0254λ₀, where the wavelength λ₀ is concerning the minimum edge of the 15 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna is fabricated on Rogers RT/Duroid RO5880 substrate, offering a cost-effective yet high-performance solution. Moreover, TSPA achieved a high gain of 9.67 dBi at 51.8 GHz and demonstrated an impressive radiation efficiency exceeding 92%. The proposed antenna's strong intensity of current flow at multiple resonances is observed, contributing to strong far-field radiation patterns. The simulation and measurement results show excellent agreement, further validating the antenna's high efficiency and reliability. The TSPA exhibits superior wideband performance compared to existing reported structures, making it highly suitable for next-generation 6G wireless communication systems.