National trends in the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes stratified by sleep duration in South Korea, 2009–2022: A nationwide cross-sectional study: Trends and association of sleep duration in hypertension and diabetes

The increase in sleep-related issues is associated with various health problems, particularly hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, this study aims to address these gaps in the literature by analyzing the relationship between sleep duration and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. This study analyzed the association between hypertension, diabetes, and sleep duration using the Korea Community Health Survey database from 2009 to 2022. The study used weighted linear regression models to identify trends in diseases and sleep duration. Additionally, this analysis employed weighted logistic regression to examine associations between diseases and covariates, presented as weighted odds ratio (wOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our analysis included 2,903,887 individuals aged ≥19 years. The prevalence of individuals with both hypertension and diabetes increased before (β, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.83-0.90]) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (β, 0.64 [0.58-0.70]). This trend was particularly notable among individuals who sleep less than 6 hours, with an increase identified both before (β, 1.28 [1.16-1.40]) and during the pandemic (β, 1.21 [1.03-1.39]). The higher risk of having both conditions was found in individuals who slept <6 hours (wOR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.18-1.23]) and >8 hours (wOR, 1.19 [1.17-1.22]) compared to those who slept 7 to 8 hours. Our study is the first to analyze the association between sleep duration and hypertension and diabetes by utilizing a large-scale dataset and conducting a comparative analysis between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. This study shows that inadequate sleep is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes.