Case report and literature review of pleural myeloid sarcoma

Although pleural myeloid sarcoma is extremely rare, it must be included in the differential diagnosis for unexplained solid pleural masses, particularly when accompanied by pleural effusion. Upon diagnosis, comprehensive staging investigations, including bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry, must be performed immediately. The successful management of such complex cases relies on the close collaboration of a multidisciplinary team, including radiologists, pathologists, hematologists, and thoracic surgeons. Radiologists identify atypical imaging features, pathologists confirm the diagnosis through precise immunophenotyping, and ultimately, hematologists formulate and execute the correct treatment plan.