Aortoesophageal fistula following emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair: 2 case reports and brief review

AEF should be suspected in TEVAR patients with risk factors like large aneurysms or mediastinal hematoma, especially if new symptoms such as dysphagia or fever appear weeks later. Prompt CT angiography is critical. Non-operative management is fatal, and only aggressive surgery offers a potential cure. Prevention requires meticulous stent sizing and measures to reduce infective and mechanical risks.