Comprehensive analysis of the impact of SIAF systems on ecology and agricultural productivity

Urban rooftop farming presents unique opportunities for integrating ecological sustainability with food production. This study developed a Sustainable Integrated Agriculture–Aquaculture–Forestry (SIAF) system on the rooftop of an elderly care center in Taichung, Taiwan, incorporating chickens, fish, shrimp, and crops into a closed-loop design. Chickens were selected for their nitrogen-rich manure, which served as an efficient organic fertilizer for aquaculture and crop cultivation, while shrimp complemented fish culture by utilizing detritus and acting as ecological indicators of water quality. The system was monitored using AIoT devices to record soil nutrients, thermal environments, water quality, crop growth, and biodiversity indices. Results showed that chicken body weight increased from 0.9 kg to 2.1 kg with a 100 % survival rate, while fish and shrimp also demonstrated stable growth and survival rates above 90 %. Daytime and nighttime biodiversity surveys recorded more than 40 species, including pollinators, birds, amphibians, and nocturnal insects, highlighting the ecological benefits of rooftop farming. These findings demonstrate that chicken–shrimp integration within a rooftop SIAF system can enhance agricultural productivity and biodiversity, offering a distinctive contribution to urban sustainable development. • Developed a rooftop SIAF system integrating chickens, shrimp, crops, and aquaculture. • AIoT monitoring revealed soil nutrient dynamics, thermal regulation, and crop growth. • Chickens provided organic fertilizer, while shrimp enhanced biodiversity and water quality. • Over 40 species were recorded, demonstrating significant ecological benefits in urban settings. • The system highlights a multi-trophic approach distinct from conventional aquaponics.