Extramedullary plasmacytoma in the subglottic region: A rare cause of dyspnea and hoarseness – a case report

Rationale: Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are a variant of plasma cell disorders, commonly involving the upper respiratory tract. This case describes a rare occurrence of EMP in the subglottic region of the larynx presenting with dyspnea and hoarseness of voice. Patient concerns: A 57-year-old female presented with a 3-month-long history of exertional shortness of breath and a recent history of hoarseness of voice. Diagnoses: A smooth globular soft to firm mass in the subglottic region attached to the right lateral wall was observed on laryngoscopic examination. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography neck revealed the mass to be of homogenous nature and without invasion of nearby structures. Histopathological examination revealed lymphoproliferative neoplasm. Interventions: Endoscopy-assisted subglottic mass excision (microlaryngeal surgery) was done, and the mass was completely removed and sent for biopsy. Outcomes: The patient exhibited a remarkable recovery, with no recurrence or complications of the condition, and a substantial improvement in the dyspnea and hoarseness of voice. Lessons: Considering the rare plasma cell disorders as a possible cause of laryngeal mass in a patient presenting with dyspnea and hoarseness of voice and its evaluation with radiography, prompt surgical intervention, histopathological examination, and appropriate perioperative care is essential to ensure a favorable outcome in treating subglottic EMPs.