Laser-Engraved Moisture Electricity Generators for Scalable Function Integration

Moisture electricity generators (MEGs) have emerged as a promising platform for harvesting ubiquitous atmospheric humidity; yet, their practical application is constrained by limited output and poor integrability. Here, we report high-performance MEGs based on an ionic hydrogel sandwiched by laser-induced graphene (LIG) with asymmetric electrode design for scalable function integration. The top LIG electrode was modified with LiCl, enabling rapid water adsorption and dissociation, thereby establishing a strong ionic concentration gradient across the hydrogel layer. Benefiting from this synergistic effect, the device delivers a high open-circuit voltage of ∼0.8 V and stable current generation even under low ambient relative humidity (RH) of ∼35%. Furthermore, scalable series and parallel connections enabled by laser direct writing with large-area arrays can deliver output over 180 V. Remarkably, laser engraving also enables the direct fabrication of flexible conductive circuits and high-capacitance supercapacitor (SC) arrays, which can be cointegrated with MEGs on the same polyimide (PI) substrate. This work highlights a scalable strategy for integrating moisture-electricity harvesting with energy storage, offering new opportunities toward an autonomous power supply in sustainable electronics.