Uncertain Comprehensive Evaluation Model with Multi-Dimensional IPA Indices for Online Rumor Debunking Effectiveness

To explore the applicability of uncertainty theory in practice and improve the effectiveness of online rumor debunking, this paper constructs a multi-dimensional IPA (Information-Level, Platform-Level, Audience-Level) index system and establishes an uncertain comprehensive evaluation model. Key debunking factors are weighted via expert estimation based on historical data, while subjective uncertainty during evaluation process is characterized by uncertain variables. Next, the grades of core influence factors and debunking effectiveness are determined through the maximum membership principle. Finally, empirical analysis of the “Shuanghuanglian inhibits novel coronavirus” rumor case during COVID-19 validates the rationality and feasibility of the evaluation index system and evaluation model. Results demonstrate that the information-level (e.g., credibility, release timeliness) is the most critical dimension, followed by audience-level and platform-level. The model scientifically identifies core influencing factors and provides actionable decision support for optimizing debunking strategies, contributing novel research ideas and methods to online rumor governance.