An atypical case of overlapped anti-NMDA-R and anti-GFAP encephalitis secondary to a teratoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

This case underscores the importance of investigating occult neoplasms in patients with overlapping anti-NMDA-R and anti-GFAP encephalitis who do not respond to immunotherapy. The coexistence of these antibodies increases the likelihood of an underlying teratoma, which may not be detectable through conventional imaging, especially when located in atypical sites such as the fallopian tube. In such cases, additional imaging studies and early consideration of invasive diagnostic procedures, including laparoscopy, is warranted. Prompt tumor removal can significantly improve clinical outcomes, even when initial imaging is normal.

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Publication Details

Journal
BMC Neurology
Published
2025-11-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-025-04488-8
Primary Topic
Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Type
article
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article

An atypical case of overlapped anti-NMDA-R and anti-GFAP encephalitis secondary to a teratoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

Eugenia Martínez‐Hernández, Sandra Calvo, Antonio Contreras Cuevas, Sandra Hermana Ramírez et al.
BMC Neurology
Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
article

An atypical case of overlapped anti-NMDA-R and anti-GFAP encephalitis secondary to a teratoma of the fallopian tube: a case report

Eugenia Martínez‐Hernández, Sandra Calvo, Antonio Contreras Cuevas, Sandra Hermana Ramírez, Eloy Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, Tatiana González, Javier Arroyo, Vicente González‐Quintanilla, Fernando Ortega-Valín, José L. Fernández‐Torre, Marcos Polanco, M. Sanchez, E. Ruiz Pérez, Ana Ceballos Medina, Cristina Clare Gallego de Largy, Rosa Mora Ruiz-Moyano, Cristian Fadrique Rojo
article en

Abstract

This case underscores the importance of investigating occult neoplasms in patients with overlapping anti-NMDA-R and anti-GFAP encephalitis who do not respond to immunotherapy. The coexistence of these antibodies increases the likelihood of an underlying teratoma, which may not be detectable through conventional imaging, especially when located in atypical sites such as the fallopian tube. In such cases, additional imaging studies and early consideration of invasive diagnostic procedures, including laparoscopy, is warranted. Prompt tumor removal can significantly improve clinical outcomes, even when initial imaging is normal.

BMC NeurologyVol. 25(1)
Universidad de Cantabria (ES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES), Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (ES), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (ES), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (ES), Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ES), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES), Hospital Universitario de Burgos (ES), Institute of Neuroimmunology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK), Hospital Universitario Río Hortega (ES), Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra (ES), Universidad de Burgos (ES)
Openalex Percentile: Top 49%
Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
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