Pioneer scientists at the origin of enzymology, biocatalysis and industrial enzymes (1833–1950’s)

This short review covers the life and work of pioneer scientists at the origin of the field of biocatalysis and biotransformation. It tackles the early insights in catalytic proteins, from mid-nineteenth century up until mid-twentieth century, ranging from first theories on enzyme activity to enzyme kinetics and early industrial scale applications in the textile, pharma and food sector. Examples are the development of glycerol, ephedrine, steroid and vitamin C production processes. This review sheds light on the groundbreaking developments upon which current industrial biocatalysis and biotransformation is based.