Fermionic Casimir Effect in the Presence of Compact Dimension in Field Theory with Lorentz Invariance Violation

Abstract In this study, we investigate the effect of the Lorentz invariance violation on the Casimir energy and pressure of the massive fermion field in the presence of compact dimension with topological $R^4\times S^1$, referring to the Kaluza–Klein model. In the system, the Dirac field is confined between two parallel plates with the geometry described by MIT bag boundary conditions, and the compactified dimension satisfies quasiperiodic boundary conditions. We investigate two directions of the Lorentz violation, namely, space- and time-like. The results reveal that in the space-like vector case, the Lorentz violation’s strength and the extra dimension affect the Casimir energy and pressure. In contrast, in the time-like vector case, they are only affected by the extra dimension. We also propose an indirect method to estimate the size of the extra dimension by comparing the frequency shift of the massless fermionic case to that of the scaled experimental data for the electromagnetic field.