Fostering sustainable supply chain performance: a mixed-method approach of the moderated mediation model involving learning orientation, innovation, agility, and environmental complexity

Purpose Drawing upon the theoretical lens of the resource-based view theory (RBT) and dynamic capability view theory (DCT), this study aims to develop and test a theoretical framework illustrating how learning orientation (LO) enhances sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) performance through the serial mediation role of collaborative innovation (CI) and supply chain agility (SCA), while also exploring the moderating role of environmental complexity (EC). Design/methodology/approach An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. In the first study, a quantitative research design was applied to test the theoretical framework by analyzing survey data from 216 manufacturing firms across various industries in Vietnam via SmartPLS 4.0 software. In study 2, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 12 managers of manufacturing companies were performed to interpret the findings of the quantitative study using a thematic coding approach. Findings The findings confirm and validate that LO within organizations significantly boosts SSCM performance through direct and mediation pathways, with CI and SCA serving as sequential mediators. In addition, EC is a significant moderator that inhibits the mediation effects of CI and SCA in the LO-SSCM performance relationship. Originality/value This study is an initial examination to highlight that organizations with strong LO are more proficient at integrating innovative approaches and agile practices, ultimately leading to superior sustainability outcomes. Moreover, the effectiveness of LO is contingent upon the level of EC; thus, offering key insights for businesses in creating sustainable supply chain strategies through organizational learning.