A simple and versatile degradable polymeric capsule for sustained delivery of bioactive molecules

Abstract Traditional fabrication methods for delivery vehicles often rely on thermal or solvent processing, which can pose challenges for heat- and solvent-sensitive bioactive molecules, such as proteins and peptides. These molecules may denature or lose their biological activity, ultimately reducing their therapeutic efficacy. This study proposed a simple and versatile biodegradable perforated capsule for sustained delivery of bioactive molecules. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) capsules with side perforations were fabricated using a compression molding method. Teicoplanin, mixed with either phosphate-buffered solution, Pluronic F-127 hydrogel, or hyaluronic acid, was then filled into the core of the capsules. The in vitro release rates of teicoplanin were characterized over a 30-day period using an elution method and a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. The experimental results demonstrated that the biodegradable perforated capsules released high concentrations of teicoplanin, exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), in vitro for 30 days. Furthermore, the high viscosity of the Pluronic F-127 hydrogel and hyaluronic acid prolonged the antibiotic’s release period. This novel capsule design holds significant promise for delivering active biomolecules, including drugs, proteins, and peptides, for long-term therapeutic applications.