Equilibrium state dynamics‐based modeling of temporal dose delivery dependencies of FLASH skin sparing

ESD-based modeling offers an effective framework to describe TDD dependencies of FLASH murine skin sparing while limiting complexity and number of free parameters to avoid overfitting. Through parameter tuning, the ESD modeling aligns with key experimental data, supporting its potential as a predictive, parsimonious framework for experimental and translational research. By highlighting the potential role of a transient equilibrium perturbation modulating instantaneous radiosensitivity and quantifying respective measures, ESD-based models may also guide the exploration and modeling of underlying mechanisms. While the present application is tissue-specific, the approach is broadly adaptable, with clinical translation requiring refitting and validation in other contexts.