Optimal usage of solar energy in cylindrical film flow of Prandtl ferrofluid: a relative analysis of Hamilton-Crosser and Xue nano models

Purpose The study aims to investigate the heat transfer performance of cobalt–water-based Prandtl ferrofluids, examining the effects of nanoparticle interactions, fluid non-Newtonian behavior, nonlinear heat generation and modified thermal flux. The goal is to identify the model that most accurately predicts effective thermal conductivity and enhanced energy transport. Design/methodology/approach A computational exploration is executed to investigate the heat convection in the cylinder-shaped film movement of Prandtl ferrofluid. Water is measured as a base liquid and embedded with cobalt (Co) nanoparticles. A proportional examination is accomplished by pondering the Hamilton-Crosser (H-C) and Xue nano models. In the appearance of hydrodynamics, nonlinear heat and modified thermal flux effects, a classical scientific theory is recognized. Numerical outcomes are obtained through Matlab’s bvp5c solver and discussed with the assistance of pictorial representations. Findings The Xue nanofluid model predicts a higher effective thermal conductivity compared to the H-C model, reflecting its improved representation of nanoparticle interactions and shape effects. The Prandtl-type ferrofluid containing water–cobalt nanoparticles demonstrates superior heat transfer performance, owing to its non-Newtonian rheology, which enhances energy transport without significantly increasing flow resistance. Overall, the Xue model indicates a higher rate of heat transfer, making this analysis directly relevant for optimizing thermal efficiency in parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) systems. Originality/value This work introduces a computational analysis of heat transfer in Prandtl-type ferrofluid film flow within a cylindrical setup using cobalt–water nanofluids. Comparing H-C and Xue models, it highlights nonlinear thermal effects and shows the Xue model’s superior conductivity, aiding the optimization of PTSC performance.