Analysis of Somaclonal Variation in Lavender Regenerant Plants of Sineva Cultivar with Molecular Markers

The studies were conducted to identify somaclonal variants in Lavandula angustifolia regenerants derived from the callus tissue of the cultivar Sineva using ISSR markers to create new genotypes. The original cultivar Sineva and 11 regenerants from its callus served as the study material. Ten ISSR primers (HB13, HB15, ISSR2, ISSR3, LAV1, LAV2, LAV3, LAV4, LAV5, and LAV7) were involved in the study. In a sample of regenerants and the mother cultivar, 94 fragments were amplified, of which 67 were polymorphic. The number of amplified bands varied from seven (LAV3 and LAV7) to 14 (HB15) and averaged nine in the sample. The primer LAV1 displayed the highest number of polymorphic bands (100%); high polymorphism (80…91.67%) was established using primers ISSR2, HB15, and ISSR 3. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was calculated for the LAV1 primer (0.4) and the minimum for HB13 (0.13). Genetic variation found in somaclones, both in comparison with the original cultivar and among themselves, points toward the promising potential of the developed methodology for induction of somaclonal variants in lavender. Most similar and distant groups of somaclones were identified using cluster analysis. Altogether, five clusters were established. One cluster with maternal genotype included specimens 312 and 1920-11. During induction of somaclonal variability, it exhibited the least changes compared to other regenerants. During the induction of somaclonal variation in the cultivar Sineva, the greatest changes in the genome occurred in the regenerants 3212-4 and 2279-2; that is, the SM coefficient with the donor cultivar reached 0.624 and 0.634, respectively. These two genotypes were found in isolation on the dendrogram not only in relation to the mother cultivar but also to the other specimens, indicating significant changes that affected the genome.