Influence of Minimization of Tillage Methods and Direct Seeding on Soil Biogenicity and Development of Nitrogen Bacterium in Soil and Climatic Conditions of the Southeast of the Central Chernozem Region

In long-term studies of soil biogenicity and the development of nitrogen bacteria, conducted to study changes in soil processes while minimizing tillage and direct seeding, it was shown that there was a decrease in soil biogenicity and an increase in its dependence on weather conditions in the soil and climatic conditions of the southeast of the Central Chernozem Region in the grain crop rotation. The most favorable conditions for the development of azotobacter were formed when plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm, with an average annual number of 445 CFU/50 g of soil in a layer of 0–20 cm. Minimization of tillage led to deterioration of the soil environment conditions for the development of azotobacter, which increased with the duration of its use. Glyphosate-containing herbicides with zero tillage and prolonged use had a depressing effect on the development of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus nitrogen bacteria. The use of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 with zero tillage reduced the negative effect of glyphosate-containing preparations on microflora and nitrogen bacteria in ordinary chernozem.