Effects of Phytobiotics, Probiotics, and Dietary Fibers on Functional Parameters and Intestinal Microbiome Composition in Laying Hens

The effects of phytobiotics, probiotics, dietary fibers, and enterosorbents on the laying hen production performance, blood biochemical parameters, mineral balance, and intestinal microbiota were analyzed to optimize the strategies for mineral nutrition with the dietary bioactive feed additives. The investigations were conducted with the hens of the Hisex Brown cross at the age of 90 to 210 days, which corresponds to the phase of active development of a reproductive system and accumulation of key trace elements in the body. Different dietary biologically active substances had specific effects on removing certain minerals from the body and the balance of bacterial communities, which finally influenced the total production performance of poultry and the efficiency of feed utilization. An increase in egg production by 7.78% (p ≤ 0.05) with the Digestarom phytogenic product used as feed additive was recorded, which can be associated with the activation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism and the changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota. Thus, a decrease in the population sizes of bacteria of the genera Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus in the cecum of birds provided with the dietary Tsamaks enterosorbent was revealed, while the cellulolytic bacterium population increased, correlating with the levels of K, Cr, and Mn. The Vetom probiotic used as an additive caused a decrease in the population sizes of the families indicated above, which was associated with the absorption of Cr, Se, and Co. The dietary fibers of the Arbocel product stimulated the bacterium population growth in Pseudomonadota to reduce the Bacillota population size. The number of microorganisms of the family Oscillospiraceae correlated with the levels of I, Fe, and P. The Digestarom product used as an additive induced a decrease in the population size of Lactobacillaceae (by 13.7%), increasing the population sizes of Oscillospiraceae (by 19.7%), Clostridiaceae (by 61.2%), and Lachnospiraceae (by 39.2%), which was associated with the contents of Mg and K.