A practical framework for ecological integrity monitoring in resource-limited parks

Effective ecological integrity monitoring is beneficial for conservation management, yet many parks and recreation areas outside formal protection networks face major resource constraints that limit their ability to implement robust monitoring programs. To address this challenge, we developed a six-step framework to implement new monitoring programs designed for parks with limited resources specifically dedicated to maintaining ecological integrity. This framework has been iteratively co-developed by academics and staff from a regional park in Quebec, Canada. It offers an accessible alternative to existing large-scale monitoring approaches, focused on supporting small parks that are not formally protected. By balancing scientific rigor with practical constraints, the framework provides a structured yet adaptable approach to ecological monitoring suitable for small parks and recreation areas with limited staffing and funding dedicated to monitoring. Our approach prioritizes practical implementation by combining methods from the scientific literature with local knowledge, drawing on evidence that co-developing monitoring programs with practitioners produces more effective outcomes. We outline each step of the framework while discussing its application in Poisson Blanc Regional Park (Quebec, Canada). Outcomes from this case study demonstrate the framework's effectiveness and highlight the value of engaging park staff to support program design and data collection. By incorporating local expertise and fostering affordable partnerships with academic institutions and non-governmental organizations, even parks with minimal levels of protection can establish sustainable monitoring programs that inform management decisions and support long-term conservation goals.