Later life learning: what is it, and who is it for? A systematic scoping review of the “learning and health in later life” literature

The findings highlight inconsistencies in LLL's operationalization and/or measurement, alongside gaps in sociodemographic data reporting, that make it difficult to draw generalizable conclusions about the effects of LLL on health. The classification framework the researchers developed provides a tool to describe and synthesize findings across studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying LLL and health. Future research should also explore LLL's effects on older male learners who have been underrepresented in past research.