Technologies of reproduction and production of domestic potato varieties for various purposes in the conditions of the Central Non-black Earth region

Potato growing in the Central Non-Black Earth region of Russia is a strategically important branch of agriculture that faces a range of technological and biological challenges. The aim of the study was to scientifically substantiate the trends in the development of modern technologies for the propagation and production of potatoes in the Central Non-Black Earth region, associated with the introduction of biotechnological methods, differentiation of agricultural technology according to the intended purpose of varieties and modern methods of managing processes in potato growing. An assessment was made of trends in innovative development of the potato growing industry in the context of sanctions pressure and the need for import substitution by switching to domestic potato varieties with a full reproduction cycle, which will reduce costs for planting material from 35-40 to 15-20% in the cost structure. Based on a systematic analysis of long-term research (2011-2024) conducted by leading scientific institutions of Russia, as well as data from international research adapted to the conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth region, an assessment is given of the prospects for the development of technologies for clonal micropropagation of potato plants and the sustainable development of potato growing based on domestic varieties and technologies in the region. The main focus is on three key aspects: modern methods of propagation of seed potatoes, varietal agricultural technology for various areas of use (seed production, table consumption, industrial processing) and the economic efficiency of technologies recommended for implementation in the region. As a result of the analysis of data from the Russian Ministry of Agriculture, the need to improve the methods and instruments of state support in the potato growing industry was substantiated. It has been established that farms participating in elite seed subsidy programs achieve 15-20% higher economic indicators compared to non-subsidized producers. Calculations have shown that with the comprehensive implementation of modern technologies (from improved seed material to precision farming systems), the average profitability of potato growing in the region can reach 120-150% while reducing import dependence to 10-15% for seed material.