Efficiency of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers on agrochemical indicators and yield of promising winter wheat varieties

The use of regulated doses of mineral nutrition is a relevant and complex element for the planned winter wheat yield. Deficiency or excess of essential micro and macroelements can lead to a decrease not only in yield, but also in the quality of the resulting grain. The article presents the effects of various levels of mineral nutrition on the yield of promising winter wheat varieties: Classic, Timiryazevka 150, Stil 18, Bumba, Elanchik, on the planned grain yield of 4.0; 5.0; 6.0 t / ha at the calculated doses (N100P70; N140P90; N180P120) of fertilizers. The studies were conducted on irrigated lands of the Kirov experimental station – a branch of the Dagestan Agriculture Science Center. The soil of the experimental plot is meadow-chestnut heavy loamy with a variety of particle size distribution. A high level of increase in the yield of winter wheat grain with the use of various doses of mineral fertilizer contributed to the formation of a more powerful leaf apparatus, better growth and development, nitrogen metabolism is more intense, and soil fertility is improved. On average, according to the experience for 2021-2024, the highest yield of winter wheat was formed under the condition of applying increased doses of mineral fertilizers – N180P120 by varieties, Timiryazevka 150 is in first place with a yield of 6.71 t/ha; the second according to the experience, the average yield for three years is formed by the Bumba variety – 6.5 t/ha. The other varieties had relatively lower yield indicators: Classic – 6.02, Style 18 – 6.11, Elanchik – 6.18 t/ha. Despite the high yield in this variant, the maximum economic efficiency is observed when using the N100P70 fertilizer dose with supporting application of fertilizers in Timiryazevka wheat crops 150, with a high profitability of 183.6%.