Towards the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis in the WHO European region: implications from a survey in the non-European Union and European economic area countries

Abstract Globally, the public health burden of congenital syphilis (CS) remains high despite efforts to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of syphilis and the fact that this disease is treatable if diagnosed early. In the WHO European Region, the burden is not fully available, as CS cases are not systematically reported by the non-European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries, while data from the EU/EEA countries are regularly reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. In 2023, only 8 out of 24 non-EU/EEA countries reported the number of CS cases to Global AIDS Monitoring. In 2024, the WHO Regional Office for Europe conducted a survey on CS among the 24 non-EU/EEA countries. Based on the self-reporting data from 19 countries, the total number of CS cases was 93 (2.8 per 100,000 live births) in 2023. Seven countries reported no cases between 2021 and 2023, and four countries accounted for 84% of the cases. The actual burden of CS could be higher because of the suboptimal surveillance systems and variation in case definition used for surveillance. The survey results underline the importance of strengthening CS surveillance in the non-EU/EEA countries, including standardising the case definition and improving completeness and coverage.