Determinants of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnant Women's Health Promotion Behaviors Based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation‐Behavior Model

Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) face significant challenges in adopting health-promoting behaviors, yet the factors influencing these behaviors remain poorly understood. This study examined how e-health literacy and social support affect health-promoting behaviors in women with GDM, with particular attention to the mediating role of health locus of control. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 550 pregnant women with GDM recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Participants completed validated measures assessing e-health literacy, social support, health locus of control, and health-promoting behaviors. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Both e-health literacy and social support significantly influenced health-promoting behaviors through both direct and indirect pathways. Health locus of control served as an important mediator in these relationships. These findings suggest that interventions combining e-health literacy training, social support enhancement, and strategies to strengthen internal health locus of control may effectively promote healthy behaviors in women with GDM.