Efficacy of zinc oxide nanoaciculates as antagonists against Meloidogyne javanica on Phaseolus abyssinicus

This work investigates the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoaciculates (ZNA) using the Sol-gel method and their potential as a long-term bio-control agent against Meloidogyne javanica, a root-knot nematode that causes severe damage to Phaseolus abyssinicus. The produced ZNA were evaluated using SEM-EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis spectroscopy to ensure precise evaluation of their nanoscale characteristics. Bio-efficacy assays were carried out at four concentrations (125, 250, 375, and 500 mg/L) to evaluate nematicidal activity on juvenile nematodes (J2) and M. javanica egg masses. The results showed that ZNA had significant toxicity at all doses, with the highest efficacy observed at 500 mg/L. Furthermore, the administration of ZNA improved the development and physiological features of P. abyssinicus, exhibiting their dual role as both nematicide and growth promoter. These findings demonstrate ZNA's potential as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical nematicides, promoting agricultural sustainability while minimizing negative environmental impacts.