Circular economy implementation challenges for achieving SDG 12

Despite the relevance of Circular Economy (CE) and the Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) and the growing body of literature on the CE and SDG 12, there remains a significant research gap in systematically linking theoretical barriers to CE implementation with practical, industry-specific examples that demonstrate how these barriers impede progress toward SDG 12 targets. In this context, this paper explores the multifaceted challenges impeding the transition to a CE and its potential to contribute to SDG 12. There is a perceived need to address the challenges associated with the implementation of SDG 12. To analyse these challenges, this study uses two methods of analysis. The first was a critical analysis of the literature describing the challenges in achieving SDG 12. The second method consisted of assessing three case studies of companies from different sectors. The evidence gathered led to the listing of specific measures that may be implemented to address current challenges, including greater stakeholders´ integration, policy innovation, and consumer engagement. By identifying key barriers and proposing strategic solutions, this paper provides valuable insights that may enhance the implementation of CE principles, ultimately facilitating progress for meeting SDG 12 and fostering a sustainable future. Therefore, the present research moves beyond general descriptions of CE barriers and offers a practical roadmap for policymakers and businesses. It highlights the specific challenges that must be addressed to achieve measurable progress in resource efficiency, waste reduction, and sustainable consumption patterns as outlined by the 2030 Agenda.