Drivers and Barriers for Adopting Rice–Fish Farming in the Hau Giang Province of the Mekong Delta

This study investigates factors that encourage and discourage farmers to adopt rice–fish (RF) farming in the Hau Giang province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A mixed-method approach was employed to collect data, comprising focus group discussions, face-to-face interviews with rice (R) and rice–fish (RF) farmers, as well as in-depth interviews with agricultural officers and selected R and RF farmers. Economic benefits are the main motivation for adopting RF farming, but suitable agro-ecological conditions, farm size and access to social networks, technical training, and support from extension officers also positively influence the adoption of RF farming. Environmental and health factors have less impact on farmers’ choice of farming. The study also identifies several barriers to the adoption of RF farming, including spatial, operational, and market barriers. To enhance the adoption of RF farming, policymakers should prioritize promoting RF farming in areas with suitable agro-ecological conditions and implement supportive measures, particularly financial assistance and technical training. Additionally, raising farmers’ awareness of both the economic advantages and long-term ecological benefits of RF farming is essential.