Frequency-Dependent Amplification of Head Motion in Infant Rockers: A Segmental IMU-Based Signal Analysis

(1) <b>Background:</b> Passive rocking is commonly used to calm infants, yet its biomechanical impact on different body segments-particularly dynamic loading of the head and torso-remains insufficiently understood. (2) <b>Methods:</b> An infant doll was instrumented with IMUs placed on the head, abdomen, and gluteal region and subjected to controlled rocking in a standard infant rocker. Segmental responses were quantified using angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration, along with time-frequency analyses including wavelet transforms and inter-segmental transfer functions. (3) <b>Results:</b> The head showed the highest angular displacements and peak accelerations, predominantly in the sagittal plane, with pronounced oscillations in the 10-12 Hz range. The abdomen acted as a transitional damping zone, while the gluteal region remained largely static, serving as the mechanical input point. Frequency-domain results revealed upward amplification of motion energy, suggesting inertial and potentially resonant effects that intensify loads at the head. (4) <b>Conclusions:</b> Although base-level motion appears gentle, signal-level analysis reveals significant dynamic amplification toward the head. These findings underscore the importance of considering frequency-dependent transmission and segmental dynamics in infant rocker design, with implications for ergonomic safety, particularly in the early stages of development.