Sintering science meets sustainability: a review of cold sintering process in solid-state electrolytes

[EN] The global push for deep decarbonization by 2050 has accelerated energy storage development to address power intermittency. This review covers ceramic- and polymer-in-ceramic solid-state electrolytes obtained via the cold sintering process, which enables higher energy density and safety by replacing liquid electrolytes and supporting lithium-metal anodes. Cold sintering, at temperatures below 300 ¿C, provides fast densification with low environmental impact compared to traditional high-temperature sintering. It affects microstructure, phase stability, and ionic transport. Important applications include lithium and sodium solid electrolytes with notable density and conductivity. Challenges remain in material optimization, scaling, and integrating multifunctional designs for sustainable, high-performance batteries.