Cyclicity and iterated logarithms in the Dirichlet space

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> denote a superharmonically weighted Dirichlet space on the unit disc <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper D"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {D}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We show that outer functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f element-of upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f\in D(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are cyclic in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , whenever <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="log f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\log f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> belongs to the Pick-Smirnov class <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper N Superscript plus Baseline left-parenthesis upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">N^+(D(\mu ))</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . If <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^\infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -norm less than or equal to 1, then cyclicity can also be checked via iterated logarithms. For example, we show that such outer functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are cyclic, whenever <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="log left-parenthesis 1 plus log left-parenthesis 1 slash f right-parenthesis right-parenthesis element-of upper N Superscript plus Baseline left-parenthesis upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\log (1+ \log (1/f))\in N^+(D(\mu ))</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . This condition can be checked by verifying that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">

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Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Published
2025-11-25
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https://doi.org/10.1090/proc/17461
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Holomorphic and Operator Theory
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article

Cyclicity and iterated logarithms in the Dirichlet space

Stefan Richter, Alexandru Aleman
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Holomorphic and Operator Theory
article

Cyclicity and iterated logarithms in the Dirichlet space

Stefan Richter, Alexandru Aleman
article en

Abstract

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> denote a superharmonically weighted Dirichlet space on the unit disc <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper D"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {D}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . We show that outer functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f element-of upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f\in D(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are cyclic in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">D(\mu )</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , whenever <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="log f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\log f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> belongs to the Pick-Smirnov class <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper N Superscript plus Baseline left-parenthesis upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">N^+(D(\mu ))</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . If <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^\infty</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -norm less than or equal to 1, then cyclicity can also be checked via iterated logarithms. For example, we show that such outer functions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are cyclic, whenever <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="log left-parenthesis 1 plus log left-parenthesis 1 slash f right-parenthesis right-parenthesis element-of upper N Superscript plus Baseline left-parenthesis upper D left-parenthesis mu right-parenthesis right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ⁡ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi> μ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\log (1+ \log (1/f))\in N^+(D(\mu ))</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . This condition can be checked by verifying that <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml">

Proceedings of the American Mathematical SocietyVol. 154(2)
Lund University (SE), University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 51%
Holomorphic and Operator Theory
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