Measuring social and community services for children, youth, and families in contact with the child welfare system: A scoping review

Administrative data can be used to systematically analyze and evaluate social and community services for families in contact with the child welfare system. These services aim to address social and economic disadvantages and prevent the recurrence of child maltreatment. The objectives were to: map the types of social and community services captured in child welfare administrative and linked data sources; describe population-based indicators that measure services; and identify data sources used to create service indicators. Children, youth, and/or families in contact with the child welfare system. A scoping review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and a grey literature search (2000 to 2023). The outcome of interest was social and community service-related indicators captured within or linked to child welfare administrative data. Twenty-nine articles met inclusion criteria. Types of services varied widely (e.g., parenting, financial, education). For service indicators, we identified 11 process indicator themes and 11 outcome indicator themes. Information on services were not typically included directly in child welfare administrative data. Most studies combined child welfare administrative data with service data using linkage methodology, with a median of two data sources per study. This review systematically classified social and community service categories, identified process and outcome service indicators, and examined data sources used to create service indicators. Findings can be used by child welfare agencies, other service providers, and public health organizations to improve child welfare data infrastructure and inform policy and practice decision-making. • Social and community services data are integral to child welfare prevention efforts • Identified service categories / indicators measuring social and community services • Service indicators utilized both child welfare administrative data and linked data • Service indicators inform child welfare prevention policy and programs