The Adoption and Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics Across Europe

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into diagnostic pathways across Europe, particularly within precision oncology. However, adoption remains uneven across regions. Methods: This review draws on national registries, institutional reports, reimbursement frameworks, and scientific literature to assess AI-based diagnostic tools, liquid biopsy technologies, and molecular tumor boards across European healthcare systems, focusing on breast, lung, and colon cancer. Results: Countries such as France, Germany, and Sweden demonstrate more advanced clinical integration of AI tools, whereas many Central and Eastern European healthcare systems face infrastructural, regulatory, and financial challenges. AI is inconsistently included in national clinical guidelines, and regulatory fragmentation continues to hinder broader uptake. Conclusion: Harmonized regulatory frameworks, expanded reimbursement strategies, targeted investments, and increased public-private collaboration are needed to reduce disparities and ensure equitable access to AI-enhanced precision oncology diagnostics across Europe.