Synthesis and Performance Study of Bis(2-methyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazolyl)furoxanyl-Based Energetic Ionic Salts

This work uses bis(2-methyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazolyl)-furoxan (1) and bis(2-methyl-3-nitroamino-1,2,4-triazolyl)-furoxan (2) as platforms to construct five new energetic ionic salts, with the goal of tuning the physicochemical profiles of the parent frameworks and testing salt formation as a general route to performance enhancement in energetic materials. Across the series, the salts show higher densities (Δρ = +0.01 to +0.08 g cm–3 for most cases), faster detonation velocities (ΔD = +0.61–0.73 km s–1), and lower mechanical sensitivities (IS = 14–29 J) relative to their precursors, corroborating the effectiveness of the ionic-salt strategy. Particularly noteworthy are the ammonium and hydroxylammonium salts derived from precursor 2, which deliver detonation velocities of 8.83 and 8.75 km s–1, respectively, while retaining moderate sensitivities (IS = 29 and 25 J). The combination of elevated detonation performance and improved safety metrics identifies these salts as competitive candidates for high-energy explosive applications. The observed, systematic links between ionic structure and property gains substantiate molecular salt formation as a rational design principle for next-generation energetic materials.