Elektrikli Araç Bataryalarının Sürdürülebilir Yeniden Üretimi ve İkinci Ömür Kullanım Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi

Electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as an important solution for reducing carbon emissions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. However, the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in EVs have significant environmental impacts from their production, use and end-of-life. In this context, the circular economy approach offers an effective solution for electric vehicle batteries with the concepts of remanufacturing and second life to minimize these environmental impacts and increase resource efficiency. For EV batteries, circular economy means moving towards valuable processes such as remanufacturing, reuse and second life before recycling at end-of-life. Remanufacturing can be explained as the process of dismantling end-of-life batteries, replacing damaged or underperforming cells, and remanufacturing the battery to near factory standards. This process contributes to environmental sustainability by greatly reducing energy consumption and raw material requirements. However, technical challenges, lack of standardization and economic feasibility are key factors to consider in remanufacturing processes. Second life applications involve the use of electric vehicle batteries in stationary energy storage systems that require lower power when the batteries are too low in discharge capacity (typically 80-85%) to be used in vehicles. These applications offer significant opportunities in the integration of renewable energy sources, energy grid stability and backup energy systems. However, issues such as safety, performance optimization and cost are some of the major hurdles to be overcome in these processes. In this study, sustainable remanufacturing and second life reuse applications of electric vehicle batteries from a circular economy perspective are examined.