The liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis attributable to metabolic risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: an age–period–cohort analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study

The global burden of NASH-related LC is increasing sharply, with significant temporal, geographic, and demographic disparities. These trends pose an escalating challenge for surgical systems, necessitating strategic investment in hepatobiliary surgical capacity, perioperative infrastructure, and preventive public health measures - particularly for aging, comorbid populations.