Numerical investigation of solidification enhancement in thermal energy storage systems using ternary nanoparticles and geometric undulations and amplitude

High-capacity energy storage is best achieved with Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems, particularly during the liquid-to-solid phase transition. This paper investigates the Ternary Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material solidification process in a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems. The Phase Change Material which includes Al2O3-TiO2-Cu ternary nanoparticles has been dissolved in water to improve the system's thermal conductivity. The ternary nanoparticles' shape and the inner wall's geometrical features (the number and amplitude of undulations) are used as model factors to examine how they affect the solidification process. The study illustrates the heat and mass transport during solidification using the Finite Element Method. The findings show that one can could reduce the system's average temperature and total energy while raising the solid percentage by increasing the number and amplitude of the undulations. Additionally, a relationship was proposed connecting the amplitude, number of undulations, and shape of the nanoparticle to the total solidification time. The nanoparticle shape factor plays a crucial role in improving the solidification process by increasing heat transfer efficiency, which lowers the average temperature, raises the solid fraction, and reduces total energy in the system.