Comprehensive comparison of fetal right and left atrial isomerism: cardiac and extracardiac malformations, diagnostic accuracy, and survival outcomes

Fetuses with RAI and LAI exhibit distinct anatomical and prognostic profiles. Although RAI presents with more severe cardiovascular malformations, it is paradoxically associated with better survival. Comprehensive ultrasound assessment and the use of a diagnostic algorithm can improve prenatal classification and guide individualized perinatal management.