Democratic Consent for the Windsor Framework

Abstract The Windsor Framework establishes a unique status for Northern Ireland in the UK‐EU relationship that has proven controversial, particularly for unionists. It also provides members of the Northern Ireland Assembly with regular opportunities to give their ‘democratic consent’ to the continued application of arrangements in the Windsor Framework that place Northern Ireland through regulatory alignment de facto in the EU's customs territory and internal market for goods. A first vote in December 2024 saw a majority in favour of consent, but with all unionist MLAs voting against. The absence of a cross‐community majority for consent led to the UK government establishing an independent review of the operation of the Windsor Framework, charged with making practical recommendations that command cross‐community support. A closer UK relationship with the EU could address some concerns. The Northern Ireland Assembly has a further opportunity to give its consent in 2028.