Comprehensive safety evaluation of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): an AI-driven meta-analysis and quantitative structure–activity relationship based toxicity assessment

This study suggests that the root of <i>Withania somnifera</i> (Ashwagandha) demonstrates a favorable safety profile, particularly concerning liver and reproductive toxicity, when compared to other herbal supplements. Our findings support the traditional preference for root-based formulations and highlight the importance of distinguishing between plant parts in safety assessments. While these results strengthen the evidence supporting the safe use of Ashwagandha root, further experimental and clinical validation would be valuable to confirm these AI-driven predictions and literature-based findings. The study also illustrates how artificial intelligence approaches can complement traditional toxicological evaluations and enhance safety assessment frameworks in the herbal supplement industry.