Accelerated motion star spot centroid localization method for star tracker under high dynamic conditions

The star spot centroid localization accuracy of the star tracker directly determines the accuracy of satellite attitude control. To address the degradation of attitude determination accuracy during high-acceleration maneuvers, this study establishes a star spot acceleration motion model in the sensor coordinate system. Based on this model, this study proposes a star spot centroid localization method under high acceleration conditions. The method estimates the initial trajectory parameters from the star imaging features, and refines the parameters using the particle swarm optimization algorithm with a velocity-sensitive fitness function. Experimental results show that the method extends the allowable angular acceleration range by at least 400% compared with previous methods while maintaining centroid localization accuracy.