Temporal trends and global burden of urolithiasis: a comparative analysis of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years in China and globally from 1990 to 2021

The burden of urolithiasis has declined markedly from 1990 to 2021, with China showing greater improvements than the global average. This divergence suggests that systemic health reforms and expanded coverage may have contributed to the observed trends. Comparative findings imply that promoting equitable access to prevention and early intervention could be beneficial, particularly in resource-limited settings.