A Paradigm Shift Toward Quasi‐Thermodynamically Stable Bulk Heterojunction Morphology Enabled by Controlled Crystallization Kinetics of High Quadrupole Moment Nonfullerene Acceptors

ABSTRACT Recent advances in high quadrupole moment () non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have improved exciton diffusion and charge separation in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). However, conventional bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) with a balanced donor‐to‐acceptor ratio often exhibit amorphous mixed domains, introducing energetic disorder and limiting the optoelectronic potential and stability of high‐ NFAs. Here, a diffusion‐driven 3D crystallization strategy is demonstrated using an NFA‐rich BHJ model (Non‐fullerene Matrix‐BHJ, NM‐BHJ) that suppresses electron trap states and charge localization, thereby reducing energy losses driven by static disorder. Notably, the laterally oriented 3D superstructures significantly enhance thermodynamic stability and improve resistance to morphological changes under thermal stress. OPVs incorporating the optimized NM‐BHJ retain 88.2% of their initial efficiency after 720 h at 65 °C and over 99% after 2400 h at room‐temperature. The obtained T 90 of 644 h is, to the best of our knowledge, one of the longest experimentally verified lifetimes reported among Y‐series‐based BHJ systems in the literature, including those employing chemically modified oligomeric derivatives. Combined with its generality across different NFA systems, this study suggests that the NM‐BHJ strategy opens a new era for highly efficient and thermally robust OPV devices by morphologically overcoming the inherent thermal limitations of high‐ NFAs.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Energy Materials
Published
2025-11-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202504513
Primary Topic
Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
Type
article
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article

A Paradigm Shift Toward Quasi‐Thermodynamically Stable Bulk Heterojunction Morphology Enabled by Controlled Crystallization Kinetics of High Quadrupole Moment Nonfullerene Acceptors

Jianyu Yuan, Jehan Kim, Young Yong Kim, Hyun Hwi Lee et al.
Advanced Energy Materials
Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
article

A Paradigm Shift Toward Quasi‐Thermodynamically Stable Bulk Heterojunction Morphology Enabled by Controlled Crystallization Kinetics of High Quadrupole Moment Nonfullerene Acceptors

Jianyu Yuan, Jehan Kim, Young Yong Kim, Hyun Hwi Lee, Minwoo Nam, Chihyung Lee, Doo‐Hyun Ko, Bin Li, Heesung Jeong, Cheolho Lim
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Recent advances in high quadrupole moment () non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have improved exciton diffusion and charge separation in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). However, conventional bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) with a balanced donor‐to‐acceptor ratio often exhibit amorphous mixed domains, introducing energetic disorder and limiting the optoelectronic potential and stability of high‐ NFAs. Here, a diffusion‐driven 3D crystallization strategy is demonstrated using an NFA‐rich BHJ model (Non‐fullerene Matrix‐BHJ, NM‐BHJ) that suppresses electron trap states and charge localization, thereby reducing energy losses driven by static disorder. Notably, the laterally oriented 3D superstructures significantly enhance thermodynamic stability and improve resistance to morphological changes under thermal stress. OPVs incorporating the optimized NM‐BHJ retain 88.2% of their initial efficiency after 720 h at 65 °C and over 99% after 2400 h at room‐temperature. The obtained T 90 of 644 h is, to the best of our knowledge, one of the longest experimentally verified lifetimes reported among Y‐series‐based BHJ systems in the literature, including those employing chemically modified oligomeric derivatives. Combined with its generality across different NFA systems, this study suggests that the NM‐BHJ strategy opens a new era for highly efficient and thermally robust OPV devices by morphologically overcoming the inherent thermal limitations of high‐ NFAs.

Advanced Energy Materials
Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR), Soochow University (CN), Keimyung University (KR), Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 64%
Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
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