A complexity theory-informed COPC approach to evaluation of mining health programmes

Sustainable health system change in complex settings requires integrated, reflexive and locally grounded approaches that move beyond project-based interventions.Contribution: This study demonstrated how complexity theory, transdisciplinarity, and community-oriented primary care principles offer a viable methodological framework for adaptive evaluation and systemic learning in community health and development, contributing to the journal's focus on primary care and community health systems in dynamic contexts.