Evaluating the regional consistency of astronomical observing conditions across Dome A

With excellent seeing conditions, ultra-low infrared background noise, high frequency of space debris transits, and continuous polar night coverage, Dome A in Antarctica has become an ideal platform for ground-based astronomy and space situational monitoring. As a crucial observatory site for international deep space, deep Earth, deep sea, and polar exploration, it is very important to evaluate the suitability of Dome A as an observatory site. However, owing to extreme environmental constraints, the evaluation of site conditions is mainly based on single-point measurements, making it challenging to comprehensively evaluate the effective site range and uniformity. This study integrated satellite remote sensing data to develop a cross-comparison framework for diverse indicators across Dome A, to evaluate its spatial uniformity. We find that the area surrounding the Dome A site, defined within a roughly 1° × 1° latitude and longitude range, possesses excellent astronomical observation conditions.