IAEA Coordinated Research Project on “A generic approach for the development of genetic sexing strains for Sterile Insect Technique applications”— an overview

The sterile insect technique (SIT) plays an important role in environmentally sustainable pest management. Its effectiveness hinges on specialized genetic tools called genetic sexing strains (GSSs), which enable the production and release of sterile male insects while excluding females. A collaborative initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), designated as D44003 "A generic approach for the development of genetic sexing strains for Sterile Insect Technique applications," aimed to establish a universal framework for developing GSSs applicable to various pest species. This overview summarizes findings from 17 research studies, including laboratory models and field pests. The studies focused on enhancing genetic markers, genome editing, understanding sex determination, creating temperature-sensitive lethal systems, refining radiation protocols, and improving strain components. Collectively, these efforts demonstrate that a versatile, species-independent approach is both feasible and practical in real-world pest control efforts. This progress paves the way for the broader adoption of the SIT, promising a significant advance in integrated pest management.