OmniCLIC: A Unified Omics Contrastive Learning Framework for Effective Integration and Classification of Multiomics Data
Integrating multiomics data for cancer subtype classification remains a critical yet challenging task due to the high dimensionality, heterogeneity, and limited interpretability of omics features. To address these limitations, we propose OmniCLIC, a unified Omics Contrastive Learning and Integration Classification framework that enables end-to-end multiomics integration, feature learning, and prediction. Three key components are proposed in OmniCLIC: OmniNet, a customized MLP with feature-wise scaling, neural tangent parametrization, and regularization strategies for omics-specific representation learning; a contrastive learning module that jointly optimizes supervised contrastive and cross-entropy losses; and OCDN, a decision-level fusion module that captures interomics correlations via a cross-modal correlation tensor to enhance generalization. We evaluate OmniCLIC on four benchmark cancer data sets, where it consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and robustness across both binary and multiclass multiomics data sets. Furthermore, OmniCLIC enables biologically meaningful interpretation by identifying key molecular features through its built-in scaling layers. Functional enrichment analyses on the selected features reveal subtype-specific pathways, such as epithelial morphogenesis and PI3K-Akt signaling, aligned with known cancer biology. We further extend OmniCLIC to single-cell multiomics data (RNA+ATAC, RNA+ADT), where it still outperforms existing methods, verifying the framework's generalizability across multiomics data at different scales.
Authors
- Wenyan Chu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-5662)
- X. Shirley Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-7339)
- Mingzhou Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5483-7166)
- Hang Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-8522)
- Yunhe Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-4530)
Institutions
- Hebei University of Technology (CN)
- Jilin University (CN)
- Hebei University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Jilin Medical University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
- Published
- 2025-11-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5c01397
- Primary Topic
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00