Reviewing frameworks for identifying the memory of the city in historical urban landscape

Abstract Urban memory is a complex phenomenon that gradually emerges over time within the urban context. In contemporary civilizations, a series of events creates memories that keep cities vibrant and dynamic despite globalization. Cities must adapt constantly to stay competitive around the world. However, these changes often remove familiar landmarks and architectural features. Such transformations produce unfamiliar landscapes and erase numerous individual experiences, encompassing both positive and negative memories. Nevertheless, turning every city street into a museum is not feasible. Instead, we rely on symbols, elements, and well-known monuments that leave a lasting impression on collective memory. Yet, a complete framework is still missing. It should include both tangible and intangible factors. In addition, this framework needs clear criteria to identify and protect various aspects of urban memory. This investigation seeks to examine the diverse components of urban memory within the historical urban landscapes (HUL). The research analyzes urban memory conceptualization and its constituent elements. It examines existing scholarly work to expand upon previous research initiatives in developing an urban memory framework. The results state a comprehensive framework that consists of a two-stage method: a desk-based study followed by in-field data collection. It combines professional expertise with community engagement, guided by specific criteria. Including human and place aspects can help identify urban memories in HUL. This supports future renewal, especially during urban development in historic city areas.