Heterogeneity and stability of patterns of post-traumatic stress symptoms and sleep quality: evidence from one year longitudinal study

The study identified three distinct psychological patterns of sleep and PTSS, which were found to be stable and persistent. However, the analysis of changes revealed that individuals are more susceptible to shifting towards a moderate risk state. Female gender was identified as a risk factor for the more vulnerable psychological patterns. By providing a more nuanced classification of the comorbidity of PTSS and sleep disorders, this study lays a theoretical foundation for personalized treatment and intervention strategies.