The Effectiveness of International Instruments in Dealing with Human Rights Violation in India

In India as well as throughout the world, human rights have become essential to justice and dignity. With the 1948 adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which established the framework for later legally binding agreements like the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the recognition of inherent human rights gained momentum on a global scale following World War II. As a signatory to these agreements, India has integrated numerous of their tenets into its legislative and constitutional structure. The spirit of these international commitments is reflected in the Indian Constitution through its Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights. But even with this alignment, there are still obstacles to overcome to effectively address human rights violations, especially when it comes to socioeconomic rights, gender equality, and custodial violence. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of India's strategy for preserving universal human rights standards, this study looks at the impact and application of international human rights instruments in India, assessing their practical efficacy and providing a comparative viewpoint with other jurisdictions.