Tracing The Trajectory of Judicial Review

This paper analyzes the expansion of judicial review from the ancient era to the era of technology, social and political responses, in order to protect fundamental rights, uphold the rule of law, and guarantee accountability within governance structures, the paper also examines how judicial review evolve through landmark judgments, doctrinal debates, exploring how courts have the delicate balance between activism and innovation. Comparative insights from various countries such as India, United Kingdom, and other various democracies. Moreover, the paper discusses how the judicial review lies in capacity to face new challenges while upholding the principles of constitutionalism, individual liberties and quest of justice.In technologically advanced democracies, judicial review must ultimately be dynamic preserving constitutionalism, individual liberty, and universal justice while striking a balance between innovation and restraint. The study emphasises how judicial review protects fundamental rights and preserves constitutional balance. It examines how judicial review intersects with new issues like digital governance, algorithmic decision-making, and climate justice, challenges opposing ideas of judicial activism and restraint, and assesses how it affects democratic legitimacy and the separation of powers.